One theory is that the altered folliculin protein may trigger inflammation within the lung tissue that could alter and damage the tissue, causing blebs. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax most often occurs in people without an identified gene mutation. The cause of the condition in these individuals is often unknown. Tall young men are at increased risk of developing primary spontaneous pneumothorax; researchers suggest that rapid growth of the chest during growth spurts may increase the likelihood of forming blebs.
Long-term smoking also greatly increases the risk of developing primary spontaneous pneumothorax in both men and women.
When this condition is caused by mutations in the FLCN gene, it is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, a person inherits the FLCN gene mutation from an affected parent. People who have an FLCN gene mutation associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax all appear to develop blebs, but it is estimated that only 40 percent of those individuals go on to have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
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Primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Show references Ferri FF. Pneumothorax, spontaneous. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Elsevier; Accessed Feb. Weinberger SE, et al. Pleural disease. In: Principles of Pulmonary Medicine. Tintinalli JE, et al. McGraw-Hill; Mayo Clinic; Paskaradevan J, et al.
What is spontaneous pneumothorax? Merck Manual Professional Version. Ding M, et al. This can happen when an open injury in your lung tissue causes air to leak into the pleural space.
The resulting increased pressure on the outside of your lung causes it to collapse. Traumatic pneumothorax results from an injury, like a blow to the chest. Nontraumatic pneumothorax can happen if you have lung disease, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD , but it can also happen for no apparent reason in people without lung disease. The long-term impact of pneumothorax can vary.
If only a small amount of air is trapped in the pleural space, there may be no further complications. If the volume of air is larger or it affects the heart, it can be life-threatening. If pneumothorax results from trauma, the symptoms often appear at the time of the injury or shortly after. Symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax might appear when a person is at rest. A sudden attack of chest pain is often the first symptom.
There are different ways of categorizing pneumothorax, according to their causes or their impact. One way of differentiating them is as follows :.
Traumatic pneumothorax occurs after some type of trauma or injury has happened to the chest or lung wall. It can be a minor or significant injury. The trauma can damage chest structures and cause air to leak into the pleural space. Quick treatment of pneumothorax due to chest trauma is critical as it can lead to fatal complications like cardiac arrest , respiratory failure , shock , and death.
Tension pneumothorax is not a classification of pneumothorax but a term that reflects the severity of pneumothorax. You may experience it if you have:. The risk factors are different for a traumatic and spontaneous pneumothorax.
The options will depend on:. If you have tension pneumothorax or pneumothorax due to an injury, this is a life-threatening emergency. To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Updated visitor guidelines.
You are here Home » Collapsed Lung Pneumothorax. Top of the page. Topic Overview What is a pneumothorax? What causes a pneumothorax? What are the symptoms? Symptoms may include: Shortness of breath dyspnea , which may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed.
Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. How is a pneumothorax diagnosed? How is it treated? Surgery may be needed if the original treatment does not work or if the pneumothorax returns.
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